Microinfarction is a pathological condition in which small areas of the heart muscle are affected due to impaired blood circulation. Due to the disrupted blood flow, the lesion foci quickly turn into necrosis (tissue necrosis).
In modern cardiology, this pathology takes the first place among all diagnosed myocardial lesions of necrotic nature. The average age of patients who have suffered a microinfarction is 65 years, and most of them are men.
Symptoms of microinfarction
The clinical picture of microinfarction is not always manifested brightly. Sometimes the manifestations of pathology can be weakly expressed, and in some cases, and in some cases even absent. Often the only symptom is a slight pain in the heart area. The very fact of a circulatory disturbance is detected later, after an ECG. Microinfarction on the legs – this is a fairly serious condition, which in the future can cause the development of all sorts of complications.
Classic signs of microinfarctionl:
- pain in the right side of the chest, which may spread to the shoulder, neck, shoulder blade, abdomen;
- elevated body temperature up to 38 degrees and fever;
- sweating, weakness, tremors throughout the body;
- a strong sense of fear;
- shortness of breath.
Microinfarction in men occurs more often. It is usually associated with hard physical work, increased nervous tension, stress, existing chronic diseases, bad habits and diet. In women, such a condition is detected less often, since the hormonal background of the female body protects them from blood clotting and clot formation.
There are differences and in the manifestation of signs of pathology. In men, pain is especially pronounced in the chest, while in women it has an atypical location and there are often complaints of sharp and unpleasant sensations in the abdomen.
Causes and risk factors for microinfarction
Microinfarction can be caused by a number of factors that affect cardiovascular health. Here are some of the main causes that can trigger this condition:
- Bad habits – smoking, alcohol abuse.
- Obesity – excess weight increases the load on the heart.
- Elevated cholesterol – contributes to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques that impair blood circulation.
- Hypertension – high blood pressure weakens blood vessels and increases the risk of damage.
- Constant stress – puts additional strain on the heart.
- Improper diet – eating foods high in fat and carbohydrates.
- Hypodynamia – lack of physical activity leads to weakening of the cardiovascular system.
Hereditary causes of microinfarction
Certain diseases and genetic predispositions can significantly increase the likelihood of a microinfarction:
- Coronary atherosclerosis is a major factor in 97% of microinfarction cases. When cholesterol is high, it deposits on the walls of blood vessels, impairing blood flow and oxygen supply to tissues.
- Complications of other diseases – these can be vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, amyloidosis, mucopolysaccharidosis, blood clotting defects and heart valve problems.
Treatment of myocardial microinfarction
The diagnosis of small-focal myocardial infarction is not made on the basis of symptoms or physical examination alone. Additional diagnostic methods are used to confirm ischemia in the myocardium, such as:
- Laboratory investigations;
- ECG (Electrocardiography);
- Echocardiography;
- Coronarography (coronary angiography).
The principles of treatment of microinfarcts and large infarcts are similar. The main goal of therapy is to restore coronary blood flow or improve it, as well as to improve the quality of life of the patient. It is important to prevent the development of complications.
Measures for suspected microinfarction
Patients with suspected microinfarction are referred to the hospital, where the following measures are prescribed:
- Bed rest – to minimize the strain on the heart.
- Oxygen – to ensure a normal oxygen supply to the body.
- Constant ECG monitoring – to monitor the condition of the heart.
- Medications.
In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary. After discharge, patients are advised to see a general practitioner and a cardiologist to monitor their condition.
Prevention of heart attack
To prevent a heart attack, you should follow a healthy lifestyle, which includes:
- Good nutrition: Balanced diet with control of cholesterol and saturated fat.
- Regular physical activity: Moderate exercise to strengthen the cardiovascular system.
- Avoidance of smoking and alcohol: These factors significantly increase the workload of the heart.
- Controlling cholesterol and blood pressure: This helps in preventing atherosclerosis and hypertension.
In addition, it is necessary to undergo regular medical examinations and strictly follow the doctor’s recommendations.
The role of stress in the development of microinfarction
Psychoemotional factors play an important role in the development of cardiovascular disease, including microinfarction. Chronic stress, increased nervous tension, depression and anxiety disorders can significantly increase the workload on the heart, which in turn increases the risk of ischemia and even heart attack. Stress-management techniques such as yoga, meditation and regular outdoor exercise are recommended to reduce stress and strengthen the heart.
Conclusion
Microinfarcts are a serious threat to cardiac health that can develop covertly and imperceptibly. Although symptoms are often mild, this condition requires close attention and timely diagnosis to avoid more serious consequences. The key factors affecting the development of microinfarction are both physiological and psychological causes. It is important to remember that the prevention of heart disease begins with a healthy lifestyle, control of cholesterol and blood pressure levels, as well as a competent approach to stress management.
If a microinfarction does occur, early detection and proper treatment will help minimize health risks. Adherence to medical advice and regular check-ups are essential to support the cardiovascular system and prevent recurrent heart attacks. Be attentive to your health, and do not delay a visit to your doctor at the first sign of discomfort.
